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HOW TO MAKE POVERTY HISTORY:
THE CENTRAL ROLE OF LOCAL ORGANIZATIONS IN MEETING THE MDGS
Tom Bigg & David Satterthwaite (eds.) 2005
“In this book, IIED’s colleagues and partners lay out the case for why local institutions matter. If we, as a global community, are to achieve the Millennium Development Goals and “make poverty history”, our global ambitions must become more firmly anchored in local realities” (Camilla Toulmin, Director IIED)
The latest IIED booklet on MDGs aims to identify policies and practices that enhance local development processes. It also aims to challenge inadequate and inaccurate measures of poverty and development progress and increase the influence of civil society on key debates and high-level policy processes. This booklet has been produced for the UN 2005 World Summit in September 2005 and for IIED’s conference, How to Make Poverty History, in December 2005.
Whether or not most of the MDGs are met depends on more effective and pro-poor local organizations being engaged in all aspects – from determining what should be done, to doing it, and to monitoring progress. So it also depends on donor agencies changing to support this. If this is neglected, it is unlikely that most of the MDGs will be met. If the poor lack voice and influence, rights and protection by the rule of law, then much-increased donor flows and even debt relief and fairer global markets are unlikely to bring them much benefit. The people on whose poverty the programmes of all donor agencies are justified surely have a right to a greater influence on what is done and by whom. As the examples given in this book show, this greater influence can transform the quality, scale and cost-effectiveness of development assistance. It can also contribute much to building more effective governance systems, but doing so from the bottom up – which is where it is most needed.
This publication starts with an introduction explaining why local organizations are central to meeting the MDGs. Other topics addressed are: the role of local institutions in securing land and property rights in Africa; the role of conservation institutions in reaching the MDGs; and appropriate support for associations of small and medium forest enterprises (The latter contributed by Duncan Macqueen, see his article in this issue). The role of local organizations in urban areas, in farming and people’s access to food are discussed as well. Special attention is given to the impact of climate change in Africa, and which measures should be implemented to avoid achievements made in development being reversed by climate change. The last chapter explains how the implementation international procedural rights and obligations could serve the environment and poor communities.
The booklet can be downloaded from the internet, entirely or as separate chapters, at: http://www.iied.org/pubs/pdf/full/11000IIED.pdf
To order a copy, please visit the IIED website for more information (click on publications, and then the MDGs as topic). Alternatively, visit the Earthprint website directly at: http://www.earthprint.com/go.htm?to=11000IIED
Price: £5.50 UK or $10.00 US, FREE for Non-OECD countries
IIED , UK
3 Endsleigh Street , London
WC1H ODD, UK
Tel: +44 20 7388 2117
Email: info@iied.org
http://www.iied.org
Other IIED publications about the MDGs are available at: http://www.iied.org/Gov/mdgs/publications.html
PUBLICATIONS ON FORESTS AND POVERTY REDUCTION BY THE FAO REGIONAL OFFICE FOR ASIA AND THE PACIFIC
The Following publications are the result of a series of workshops on the theme ‘Forests for Poverty Reduction, Exploring the Potential’ organized by the Asia Pacific Association of Forestry Research Institutions (APAFRI) and the Forestry Research Support Programme for Asia and the Pacific of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), together with other organizations in the region.
Forests for Poverty Reduction: Can Community Forests make Money?
Proceedings of a workshop held on 1-2 September 2003 in Beijing, China.
H.C. Sim, S. Appanah and W.M. Lu (eds.) 2004
These proceedings present a compilation of the experiences of many countries in the Asian region in implementing community forestry. Working group discussions focused on the role of non-timber forest products in community forestry for poverty alleviation and the role of gender in community forestry. The participants also formulated general recommendations to strengthen the role of community forestry in poverty reduction. They agreed that only good community forestry can sustainably alleviate poverty, and that this would require good policy support. It was highlighted that income generation is only one of the many tools to alleviate poverty, and that community forestry should also include elements such as infrastructure development, better opportunities for education, good governance, and improved social and economic stability. In addition to a general introduction, the papers presented include country case studies exploring different types of community forestry, and case studies focusing on non timber forest products or gender aspects.
RAP Publication 2004/04, FAO 2004, ISBN No: 974-7946-51-3
Forests for Poverty Reduction: Opportunities with Clean Development mechanism. Environmental Services and Biodiversity
Proceedings of a workshop held on 27-29 August 2003 in Seoul, Korea
H.C. Sim, S. Appanah and Y.C. Youn (eds.) 2005
What are the opportunities offered by global initiatives such as the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), environmental services and biodiversity that could benefit the poor, and specifically the forest-dependent poor in the Asia Pacific region? What are the strategies, policies, mechanisms or procedures that must be put in place to tap these opportunities? The workshop included group discussions on these questions, addressing the following issues:
This workshop brought together 47 experts from the Asia Pacific region to focus on improving the contribution of forests to poverty reduction strategies. The publication includes the group discussion outputs and recommendations, a general introduction and 21 background papers ranging from thematic overview papers on a subset of the issues above, to specific country case studies.
RAP Publication 2004/22, FAO 2004, ISBN No: 974-7946-57-2
Forests for Poverty Reduction: Changing Role for Research, Development and Training Institutions.
Proceedings of a workshop held on 17-18 June 2003 in Dehrahun, India.
H.C. Sim, S. Appanah and N.Hooda (eds.) 2005
This first workshop of the series dealt with the reformation of forest research institutions and the research agenda that are required to meet the challenges of poverty reduction. The proceedings include a general introduction on the history and required change of direction of forestry institutions in the region, pointing to the experiences of Nepal and India as models for adaptation. Twentynine papers provide further background in the form of thematic and country case studies and analyses.
RAP Publication 2005/19 FAO 2005, ISBN No: 974-7946-76-9
For copies of the above reports, write to:
Patrick Durst
Senior Forestry Officer
FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific
39 Phra Atit Road
Bangkok 10200
Thailand
Phone: +66 2 697 4000
Fax: +66 2 697 4445
Email: Patrick.Durst@fao.org
IIED: SMALL AND MEDIUM FORESTRY ENTERPRISES SERIES
IIED 2003-2006
Small and medium forestry enterprises for poverty reduction and sustainability Most international attention in forestry has been given to improving the conditions for large-scale or micro-scale forestry, and much less to the ‘messy middle’ - which produces a high proportion of forest products and involves huge numbers of people. Ways need to be found by which small and medium-scale forestry enterprises (SMFEs) can better contribute to reducing poverty and improving the prospects for sustainability.
The International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED), with partners in Uganda , South Africa , India , Brazil, Guyana and China has been investigating these issues. Country diagnostics show that the SMFE sector is of major significance for livelihoods in these countries – the net effect of myriad small players represents a substantial part of local economies. Yet, these are largely invisible economies, and policy and programme developments almost completely ignore the SMFE sector. Raising the sector’s visibility such that its impacts can be better assessed, and then going on to explore how the positive links to sustainability, livelihoods and povertyreduction can be enhanced, is a major challenge to which this initiative seeks to rise.
The series already consists of 18 different reports, covering: country diagnostics of the small and medium forestry enterprise sector; market chains; role of small-scale timber production; forestry contractors; and raising forest revenues and employment. The most recent publications discuss forest based associations in the partner countries.
Discussion papers on the Small and Medium Forestry Enterprise sector for each of the partner countries: Uganda , South Africa , India , Brazil , Guyana and China (published in 2003 or 2004)
Forestry Contractors in South Africa : What Role in Reducing Poverty?
By Jeanette Clarke and Moenieba Isaacs, 2005
South African large-scale forest industry has outsourced many operations to contractors to increase flexibility and cut costs. This study presents a national overview and seven case studies to investigate how forestry contracting contributes – and could better contribute - to reducing poverty reduction through providing either jobs or enterprise opportunities.
It appeared that forest contracting does not reduce poverty among forest workers: contractors appear to be unable to claim an equitable share because they are too dependent on large-scale growerprocessors. The study concludes with suggestions to increase the contribution of forestry contractors to poverty alleviation. These involve: increase rates for contract work; support more effective increase collective bargaining power by contractor enterprises; provide better safety nets for workers and implement national social standards for forestry.
50 pages - ISBN: 1 84369 570 7
Small Scale Timber Production In South Africa : What role in reducing poverty?
By Howard M.; Matikinca P.; Mitchell D.; Brown F.; Lewis F.; Mahlangu I. ; Msimang A.; Nixon P.; Radebe T 2005
Forestry plays a diverse and significant role in reducing poverty in the rural areas and could even play a far greater role through coordinated efforts of government and the private sector.
This study assesses the contribution of small-scale forestry to poverty reduction through studying a variety of business models. It discusses impacts on: household incomes, access to market opportunities, and on rights, capabilities and decision-making power. The authors make several recommendations to improve the impact on poverty reduction, namely:
ISBN: 1 84369 571 5; Price: $22.00 US
Raising forest revenues and employment: Unlocking the potential of small and medium forest enterprises in Guyana
by Andrew Mendes & Duncan Macqueen, 2006
Globalisation presents new challenges to forest business in Guyana . Knowing how to compete in the global market place is increasingly critical to the forest sector’s long term prospects. Given the low stocking of valuable species and slow growth rates of Guyana ’s forest, large, capital intensive logging operations are proving unprofitable. Limited value is being added within country and few jobs are being created as a result. Given that small and medium forest enterprises with 16% of the allocated forested land pay 50% of the revenues of the Guyana Forestry Commission and employ 75% of people in the sector, the situation begs for a shift in emphasis. This report argues for such a shift, using new technology and better information about niche markets to improve both revenues and employment within the sector.
ISBN: 1 84369 602 9
Reports in the Small and Medium Forestry Enterprises series can be ordered from EarthPrint at http://www.earthprint.com for $9.00 US each. The papers (pdf) can also be obtained free when downloading from the publication section at http://ww.iied.org.
Go to IIED website for publications( http://www.iied.org/pubs/) and search for series: “Small and Medium Forest Enterprise ; or go directly to: http://www.iied.org/pubs/search.php?w=&k=&t=&a=&s=FSME&g=&b=Submit
For the latest additions to the SMFEs series visit: http://www.iied.org/NR/forestry/index.html
COMMERCIALIZATION OF NONTIMBER
FOREST PRODUCTS:
FACTORS INFLUENCING SUCCESS:
LESSONS LEARNED FROM MEXICO AND
BOLIVIA AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS FOR
DECISION-MAKERS
E. Marshall. K.Schreckenberg & A.C. Newton (eds.) 2006
This publication presents the results of a comprehensive DFID-funded investigation into whether commercialization of nontimber forest products can help support sustainable forest and resource management, and alleviate poverty. The multidisciplinary research initiative, involving partners drawn from the UK , Mexico and Bolivia was called the CEPFOR project (Commercialization of non-timber forest products in Mexico and Bolivia : factors influencing success). It examined the impact of different NTFP commercialization networks (value chains) on poverty reduction, women’s livelihoods, natural resources and rights and access of the poor, in eight communities in Bolivia and 10 in Mexico .
The project developed an analytical framework to compare the factors determining successful NTFP commercialization across a range of case studies. These factors form the basis of the CEPFOR decision support tool (CDST). This tool allows users to compare the potential success of different NTFP development options, to diagnose the reasons for failure of current NTFP initiatives, and to investigate the potential livelihood impacts of different policy options.
The 136 page book includes Chapters on Research context; methodology; case studies; definitions of success; NTFP commercialization and the poor; woen and NTFPs; Access rights and resources; Policies, laws and institutions; NTFP value Chains; Overcoming barriers to commercialization; Research Conclusions and Policy options; and references. It also contains a 3-page executive summary, and a CD-Rom with all key project outputs including the CEPFOR Decision Support Tool, its user guide and a methods manual for field/market-based research. These materials, and the publication, can also be downloaded free of charge from the project website: http://www.unep-wcmc.org/forest/ntfp.
A brief summary of findings of the CEPFOR project, grouped per Millennium Development Goal, is presented on p… of this issue.
UNEP – World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge , UK
Publication and the entire CD-Rom contents downloadable from project website:
http://quin.unep-wcmc.org/forest/ntfp/outputs.cfm. This includes the text of the book in English and Spanish, plus the decision-making tools and additional project outputs and support materials in English and Spanish.
For more information about this project, contact:
Elaine Marshall
UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre
219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge
CB3 0DL United Kingdom
MarshallElaine@googlemail.com
GENDER MAINSTREAMING IN POVERTY ERADICATION AND THE MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS: A HANDBOOK FOR POLICY MAKERS AND OTHER STAKEHOLDERS
Naila Kabeer, 2003
The MDGs can only be achieved by addressing the disproportionate burden of poverty, lack of access to education and health services and lack of productive opportunities borne by women. Evidence shows that empowering women brings a huge development dividend.
This book highlights the interconnections between production and reproduction within different societies, and women’s critical role in straddling both, and points to the various synergies, trade-offs and externalities which these generate. Naila Kabeer concludes that although there does appear to be a trade-off between gender inequality and economic growth in the short term in some economies, policies aimed at achieving gender equality are essential for long-term, sustainable and equitable development.
Issues addressed in the publication are:
© The Commonwealth Secretariat, 2003, 86 Pages, GBP 12.99, ISBN 0-85092-752-8
Copies of this publication can be ordered online at: http://publications.thecommonwealth.org/publications/
Publication can be downloaded from: http://www.thecommonwealth.org/shared_asp_files/uploadedfiles/{EEEA4F53-90DF-4498-9C58-73F273F1E5EE}_PovertyEradication.pdf
or go to the homepage of Gender at the Commonwealth Secretariat (http://www.thecommonwealth.org/subhomepage/34021/) and look under publications.
Or contact:
Domini Bingham, Commonwealth Secretariat
Marlborough House, Pall Mall, London SW1Y 5HX,United Kingdom
Fax: +44 20 7839 9081
Email: d.bingham@commonwealth.int
http://www.thecommonwealth.org/gender
CHAINS OF FORTUNE; BEST PRACTICES IN LINKING LOCAL WOMEN PRODUCERS WITH GLOBAL MARKETS
Marilyn Carr (ed.) 2004
Globalisation opens up new economic opportunities if poor women producers and workers are enabled to take advantage of them. This edited volume brings together six case studies, which describe the successful integration of women into Global Markets. These include three studies that link local producers with global markets: a cocoa cooperative in Ghana , an organic coconut oil producer in Samoa and small cashew nut enterprises in Mozambique . The other three case studies focus on improving the working conditions of wage workers in global value chains: the fruit-exporting industry in South Africa which involves thousands of wage workers, the ready made garment producers in Bangladesh , and the newly created call centres in India .
Each case study is written by a team of international and national researchers, aiming to present decision makers with concrete examples of how the gains of globalization may be spread to poor working women through shifting the balance of access, power, and returns within global value chains.
220 pages. GBP 11.99. ISBN 0-85092-798-6
Buy online at: http://publications.thecommonwealth.org/publications/ : the book is listed under “gender”
Or contact:
Domini Bingham,
Commonwealth Secretariat,
Marlborough House, Pall Mall , London SW1Y 5HX, United Kingdom
Email: d.bingham@thecommonwealth.int
http://www.thecommonwealth.org
BETTER FORESTRY, LESS POVERTY: A PRACTIONER’ S GUIDE
FAO 2006
This guide suggests ways to design and implement forest-based interventions that have the greatest potential to reduce poverty. Areas for action include timber production in both natural and planted forests, nonwood forest products, woodfuel, bushmeat, agroforestry and payment for environmental services. For each topic, the guide outlines key issues, summarizes successful case studies and identifies sources of additional information. The document highlights the importance of using participatory approaches and of tailoring activities to local circumstances. Emphasis is on making changes that will improve the livelihoods of people living in or near forests, and on helping users to gain a better understanding of the forms of rural poverty and of how decisions made at the local level affect segments of poor rural communities in different ways - women, children and the elderly being the most vulnerable. The guide will be of interest to forestry and rural development practitioners and the communities they serve, including district forestry officials, extension workers, local planners and administrators, and owners of small-scale enterprises and their employees.
Publication can be downloaded at: http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/009/a0645e/a0645e00.htm
To order a hardcopy at $14.00, please visit: http://www.fao.org/icatalog/pub_cat.asp?lang=en&jobno=A0645/E
FARMING SYSTEMS AND POVERTY: IMPROVING FARMERS ’ LIVELIHOODS IN A CHANGING WORLD
John Dixon, Aidan Gulliver & David Gibbon, 2001
Small farmers produce much of the developing world’s food. Yet they are generally much poorer than the rest of the population in these countries, and are less food secure than even the urban poor. Meeting international commitments to halve hunger and poverty in the developing world by 2015, means reaching these farm households. To provide conditions that will permit poor farm households to improve their own lives, governments, nongovernmental organizations and international agencies must understand the agro-physical, physical, economic and cultural environment within which farmers and their families live, i.e. their farming systems.
This book describes 72 major farming systems throughout the six developing regions of the world. The classification of the farming systems was based on a number of key factors, including (1) the available natural resource base; (2) the dominant pattern of farm activities and household livelihoods, including relationship to markets, and (3) the intensity of production activities. For each of these farming systems, the authors describe trends and issues, and identify the priorities and main strategies for poverty reduction.
Three to five farming systems were selected within each region for in-depth analysis. Although some of these systems may have only limited opportunities for growth, a majority possess the potential for achieving significant hunger and poverty reduction if appropriate support is made available. This book discusses the factors determining a farming system’s growth potential.
The book Farming Systems and Poverty: improving farmers’ livelihoods in a changing world presents the results of a joint FAO and World Bank study which contributed to the updating of the World Bank Rural Development Strategy.
FAO and the World Bank, Rome and Washington D.C
For more information, contact John Dixon at John.dixon@fao.org
The publication is downloadable, as pdf and html formats, at: http://www.fao.org/farmingsystems/
A 49-page summary is available at this site, as well as links to the French and Spanish version of the publication.
RURAL FUELWOOD MARKETS IN NIGER:
AN ASSESSMENT OF DANISH SUPPORT TO THE NIGER HOUSEHOLD ENERGY STRATEGY 1989-2003
Dolf Noppen, Paul Kerkhof & Ced Hesse, 2004
Between 1989-2003, the Danish development cooperation was involved in the fuelwood supply sector in Niger , first through the World Bank and subsequently through the Household Energy Project. These initiatives contributed to the development of an approach known in Niger as the Household Energy Strategy. This strategy is supported by a number of legal instruments that formalise rural fuelwood markets with the objective of decentralising management and implementing proper financial rocedures. This study is the assessment of the results of this period of intervention.
The study assesses the results achieved at local, national and international level. It includes a detailed survey of rural fuelwood markets covering the sociological, financial and environmental aspects related to the commercialisation of the fuelwood sector.
The book starts off with the context and the history of projects that have contributed to the elaboration of Niger ’s Household Energy Strategy, examining how the rural fuelwood market concept was designed and implemented. It continues with the internal dynamics of the rural fuelwood markets and local management structures. The study examines the principal impacts of rural fuelwood markets, particularly in relation to poverty, and the urban-rural tradeoffs. After discussing the challenges and the opportunities, the study concludes with sketching ways to move forward for the rural fuelwood markets in Niger .
The results presented are useful for others working with natural resources management both in the Sahel and elsewhere. This IIED publication is available both in English and French.
Copies of the book can be ordered online at: http://www.earthprint.com
English: 2004, ISBN: 1 84369 510 3; 75pages, USD 22.50, Order No: 9319IIED
French: 2004, ISBN 1 84369 511 1, 68pages, USD 22.50, Order No: 9320FIIED
Alternatively, orders should be sent to:
Earthprint Orders Department
PO Box 119, Stevenage , Herts, SG1 4TP, United Kingdom
Email: iied@earthprint.com
Fax: +44 1438 748844
MICROFINANCE AND FOREST-BASED SMALL-SCALE ENTERPRISES
FAO 2005
Communities around the world rely on forests for their livelihoods, not only for domestic uses but also for income, frequently obtained through small-scale, often family-run enterprises. The sustainable development of such enterprises is increasingly recognized as a key to poverty reduction but is often hindered by lack of financial inputs or poor access to microfinance services. This publication reviews the specific microfinance needs of small-scale enterprises given the often seasonal and unpredictable nature of forest-based activities. It analyses the constraints they face when trying to obtain microfinance services and identifies ways to overcome these challenges. It examines the role that different types of microfinance institutions can play for small-scale enterprises and forest communities. It discusses, in addition to microcredit, a comprehensive range of services including savings, group lending, leasing, insurance and cash transfers. The strengths and weaknesses of different approaches are illustrated through four case studies in Nepal , Guatemala , the Sudan and Peru . This book will be a useful reference for those involved in designing policies and projects for the development of forest communities, as well as for those providing financial services to small enterprises in rural areas.
FAO Forestry Paper 146 Publication can be downloaded at: http://www.fao.org/docrep/008/a0226e/a0226e00.htm
Complete version: ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/008/a0226e/a0226e00.pdf
ISBN 92-5-105412-6
EXPLORING THE MARKET FOR VOLUNTARY CARBON OFFSETS
Nadaa Taiyab, 2006
Markets for Environmental Services 8
This paper explores the potential for financing small-scale, high-benefit, sustainable development projects through the voluntary and retail sector of the carbon market. Through a literature review and interviews with offset retailers and buyers from the private sector, the non-profit sector and government, the paper looks at how the voluntary and retail sectors fit into the overall carbon market; who the main buyers and sellers are; what motivates buyers to voluntarily purchase carbon offsets; and how this market can be further developed. The aim is to consolidate information on the voluntary and retail sectors in order to help potential buyers to understand the market and to provide a starting point for those on the supply side to discuss strategies for further developing the market.
Published by: IIED, March 2006; 36 pages, ISBN: 1 84369 582 0, 36 pages, US$18/£10 (free for non-oecd)
To Order: http://www.earthprint.com/go.htm?to=15502IIED
To Download: http://www.iied.org/pubs/display.php?o=15502IIED
THE MARKET FOR VOLUNTARY CARBON OFFSETS: A NEW TOOL FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT?
Nadaa Taiyab, 2006
Heightened public awareness of climate change and its impacts has led to rapid growth in the market for voluntary carbon offsets over the past two years. By buying into a carbon offset project, organisations and individuals can negate their CO2 emissions by helping to prevent a similar amount of CO2 from being emitted elsewhere. Carbon offset projects may include hydro-energy, conversion of methane from landfills to energy, hydrofluorocarbon destruction, tree plantations, wind farms, solar powered lamps in rural communities, fuel efficient cooking stoves and small agro-forestry schemes. The voluntary market has potentially more scope to invest in small-scale projects with high sustainable development benefits to local communities in low income countries, as project developers can avoid the bureaucratic procedures and high transaction costs of the Kyoto Protocol’s highly-regulated Clean Development Mechanism.
Gatekeeper 121, Published by: IIED, March 2006, ISSN: 1357 9258
To request a copy or subscribe please email:
mailto:gatekeeper@iied.org
To Download: http://www.iied.org/pubs/display.php?o=14513IIED
PEOPLE AND FORESTS – FAO PARTICIPATORY FORESTRY PUBLICATIONS
CD-ROM, FAO, 2004
The CD-RM contains 15 years of publications produced by FAO including more than 70 publications on participatory forestry and other related subjects. It is regarded as the final output of one of the best-known community forestry development programmes. It presents case studies ranging from conflict resolution, food security and forestry to natural resources management.
FAO CD-ROM; ISBN: 9250052081; Price: $30.00
Copies of this CD-Rom can be ordered from:
Sales and Marketing Group FAO
Viale delle Teme di Caracalla
00100 Rome, Italy
Fax: +39 06 570 53360
Email: publications-sales@fao.org
Copies can also be ordered online at: http://www.fao.org/icatalog/search/dett.asp?aries_id=105628
FIELD GUIDE TO THE FUTURE: FOUR W AYS FOR COMMUNITIES TO THINK AHEAD
Kristen Evans, Sandra J. Velarde, Rocio P. Prieto, Sheila N. Rao, Sandra Sertzen, Karina Davila and Wil de Jong 2006 Edited by Elena Bennett and Monika Zurek, Foreword by Doris Capistrano
This book is a practical, step-by-step manual describing methods that can help communities think ahead and prepare for changes in their environment and natural resources. These four methods are: Scenarios, Visioning, Pathways and Projections.
This guide is for communities who depend on natural resources and all of us who work with them. The authors have ollaborated with communities in the management of forests, land, and water in many parts of the world, but particularly in tropical forest margins. In this manual they share their experiences and lessons learned about methods that can help communities prepare for the future.
”Field Guide to the Future” is a collaborative effort between the Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), the ASB system-wide program of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR), the World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) and the Secretariat of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA).
The publication can be downloaded from: http://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/BCronkleton0601.pdf
Spanish and French translations will be available later this year.
To request a copy, please email Sandra Velarde at: s.velarde@cgiar.org.
Sandra J. Velarde-Pajares
Alternatives to Slash-and-Burn Programme (ASB)
World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF)
PO Box 30677 , 00100 GPO, Nairobi, Kenya
ASB website: http://www.asb.cgiar.org
ASB Scenerio project: http://www.asb.cgiar.org/ma/scenarios
THOUGH ALL THINGS DIFFER: PLURALISM AS A BASIS FOR COOPERATION IN FORESTS
Eva Wollenberg, Jon Anderson and Citlalli Lopez, 2005
Pluralism is a political belief that acknowledges individuals’ rights to pursue their interests, but requires society to resolve differences where they infringe upon each other. This guide shows how pluralism helps people to value social differences and provides clear principles and rules about how to coordinate those differences. The guide reviews pluralism’s origins, key elements and strengths and weaknesses. It examines how people think about differences, including the psychological obstacles that cause us to exclude or ignore others. Practices are examined with examples drawn from forest-related contexts: legal pluralism, multistakeholder processes and diversity in work teams. Questions are provided to help the reader assess and practice pluralism in their own settings. The guide concludes that understanding the political assumptions and principles of pluralism can enrich our understanding of current practices to develop fundamentally new approaches to fore st decision-making. CIFOR, Bogor , Indonesia .
To download a copy, go to http://www.cifor.cgiar.org/scripts/newscripts/publications/detail.asp?pid=1805.
If you need a hard copy, please send your address to Dina Hubudin at: D.Hubudin@cgiar.org
Source: CF-E News 2005.9 RECOFTC
KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT FOR DEVELOPMENT (KM4D) JOURNAL
The September 2006 issue (Vol. 2, issue 2) of the KMD4 Journal on the subject of ‘Capacity building for networking’ is now online: http://www.km4dev.org/journal/index.php/km4dj/issue/current
The catalyser for this issue on capacity building for networking was a workshop on the ‘Management of international networks for knowledge sharing’, organised by Skat and Helvetas on the 25-28 April 2006 in St. Gallen ( Switzerland ). Two contributions ensuing from this workshop can also be found in this special issue that comprises articles and case studies ranging from analysis of what kind of capacity building is needed, to insights in capacity building programmes for networking from a grassroots perspective, as well as from the perspective of networking practitioners. The Guest Editors for this issue comprised: Urs Karl Egger, Georg Buchholz, and Marc Steinlin, working with Lucie Lamoureux.
The KM4D Journal is an open access, peerreviewed, community journal on knowledge management in development - for and by development practitioners and researchers. It is linked to the KM4Dev community (www.km4dev.org) but has its own independent Editorial Board and aims to reach beyond the community.
Sarah Cummings
(co-Chief Editor of the KM4D Journal with Julie Ferguson and Lucie Lamoureux)
FOREST , TREES, AND LIVELIHOODS (VOLUME 16-1, 2006)
The journal “ Forest , Trees and Livelihoods”, edited by Michael S. Philip, recently published a special issue on: Tree Domestication, progress towards adoption. (Volume 16-1, 2006). Articles in this issue demonstrate that tree domestication can be an answer to poverty and environmental degradation, and a promising tool to achieve the Millennium Development Goals.
This special issue brings together papers presented at the Tree Domestication sessions of the 1 st World Agroforestry Congress held in Orlando , Florida USA in July 2004. This was the fourth in a series of meetings focusing on the potential to domesticate the underutilized tree species that are important to subsistence farmers around the world. In the past, products from these species were gathered from natural forests as Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs). Now many of these species are becoming new cash crops producing Agroforestry Tree Products (AFTPs).
Though the progress of domestication of perennial plants may be thought too slow to answer problems such as poverty and degradation, the results presented here demonstrate that rapid progress is made and that farmers are keen to adopt this approach to solve many of their day-to-day problems. Building on local traditions and culture, supporting local markets and providing products that meet the needs of the people appear to be key elements contributing to successful and rapid uptake.
The papers presented include: the concept of the ideotype and its application in the selection of cultivars of trees (Leakey and Page); participatory improvement programme (Cornelius et al); the domestication of fruit trees as a contribution to poverty reduction (Schreckenberg); putting participatory domestication in practice in West and Central Africa (Tchoundjeu et al); smallholder tree nursery operations in the Philippines (Carandang et al); planting Myrciaria dubia in the Peruvian Amazon (Penn) and the development of miombo fruit trees as commercial tree crops in southern Africa (Akinnifesi et al).
For more information on the journal, please visit the website: http://www.foreststreesandlivelihoods.co.uk
To contact:
Michael S. Philip, Luton Cottage, Bridgeview Road , Aboyne AB34 5HB, Aberdeenshire, Scotland , UK .
Email: philipfor@aboyne93.wanadoo.co.uk and philipfor@aboyne93.fsnet.co.uk
Subscription rates per volume of four issues, postpaid; USA US$299. elsewhere £159. Special introductory rates for individuals who warrant the journal is for their own use, order direct from the publisher, post paid USA $139, elsewhere £69. Subscriptions and non-editorial correspondence should be sent to AB ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS, PO Box 42 , Bicester, Oxon OX26 7NW , UK Email: jrnls@abapubl.demon.co.uk
DEPLETION OF NATURAL RESOURCES – IMPLICATIONS FOR DEVELOPMENT A N ASSESSMENT BY EXPERTS
Inforesources trends 2005
InfoResources Trends compiles personal assessments of predicted changes by experts from the realms of politics and science, as well as from NGOs around the world, and it makes these assessments accessible to a broader professional public. The current edition focuses on depletion of natural resources in an imaginary least developed country, implications for the poverty situation and promising measures in international cooperation for promoting sustainable development at the local, national and international levels. This slim brochure (15 pages, including annexes) is intended to contribute to the positioning process of international cooperation by fostering an understanding of the long-term challenges and needs for strategic action. Published in English, French and Spanish, Inforesources Trends is available free of charge and may be ordered in pdf-format, or as a print publication from the address below.
InfoResources is a network providing and disseminating information on natural resources in international cooperation and is based on three information services: Inforest / Intercooperation, Info Service CDE, InfoAgrar SHL . InfoResources is financed by the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC).
Contact:
InfoResources, Länggasse 85, 3052 Zollikofen
Phone: +41 31 910 21 91
Fax: +41 31 910 21 54
info@inforesources.ch
http://www.inforesources.ch
CLIMATE CHANGES, DESERTIFICATION, BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY AND FORESTS
Jean Claude Bergonzini, with D.-Y. Alexandre, C. Barbier, F. Besse, A. Riedacker, B. Riéra 2004
This book is an expanded translation of “Changements climatiques, desertification, diversité biologique et forêts” by Jean Claude Bergonzini. It is part of a series which also includes the following titles: “Changements climatiques et forêts” by A. Riedacker; “Désertification et forêts” by C. Barbier, and Diversité biologique et forêts” by B. Riéra and D.-Y. Alexandre.
It presents a concise and jargon-free technical background to the International Conventions on Climate Change, Desertification, and Biological Diversity, and their pertinence to forests and trees. Definitions, background, greenhouse gases, and the role of forests in Climate, Desertification, and Biological diversity are covered by the first three chapters. The fourth and final Chapter on Conventions and Sustainable Development includes an overview of the context and history of the international environmental agreements such as the Conventions mentioned above, and the arrangements on forests; it also discusses different interpretations of sustainability.
This study is one of the results of a project initiated by the SILVA Association in 2001 at the request of the members of the Réseau International Arbres Tropicaux / International Tropical Tree Network (RIAT/ITTN). Financial backing was provided by the European Commission, FAO and the SILVA Association.
Orders: SILVA and RIAT, 6, Avenue de Saint Mandé, 75012 Paris, France
Phone: +33 1 43 40 11 25
Fax: +33 1 43 40 12 95
Email: Silva2@wanadoo.fr
FOREST POLICY AND SUSTAINABLE LOCAL FOREST MANAGEMENT IN FRANCOPHONE AFRICA AND MADAGASCAR : T WO RECENT FRANCOPHONE PUBLICATIONS
1. L’Etat et la Gestion Locale Durable des Forêts en Afrique Francophone et à Madagascar
Depuis 20 ans de nouvelles politiques forestières, rompant avec l’autoritarisme répressif hérité des politiques coloniales, confient la gestion locale des forêts aux populations pour qu’elles en assurent une gestion durable. Cela implique de faire de la forêt un outil de développement et de lutte contre la pauvreté.
2. Forêts Tropicales et Mondialisation: les mutations des politiques forestières en Afrique francophone et à Madagascar
En Afrique et à Madagascar, les politiques sont toujours plus influencées par les engagements internationaux. Ceci contraint les Etats à des adaptations importantes de leurs politiques forestières dans un contexte complexe de gestion locale et de décentralisation. Ces adaptations posent la question de la nature et du rôle de l’Etat.
Ces deux ouvrages préparés sous la direction d’Alain BERTRAND, Pierre MONTAGNE et Alain KARSENTY, éditeurs scientifiques et chercheurs au Cirad, viennent d’être publiés aux Editions L’HARMATTAN.
Diffusion
A la Librairie L’Harmattan,
16 rue des écoles 75005 Paris, tel: 01 40 46 79 20
harmattan1@wanadoo.fr
http://www.editions-harmattan.fr
A la Librairie du Cirad, TA 283 / 04, Avenue Agropolis, 34398 Montpellier cedex 5
tel: 04 67 61 44 17 (vente sur place uniquement)
Par correspondance:
Annie Molina, Cirad - TA10/D - 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5
annie.molina@cirad.fr
Chaque ouvrage est vendu au prix de 38 Euros. Les frais d’envoi par ouvrage sont de 6 Euros.
WILD RESOURCES AND CULTURAL PRACTICES IN RURAL AND URBAN HOUSEHOLDS IN SOUTH AFRICA : IMPLICATIONS FOR BIO - CULTURAL DIVERSITY CONSERVATION
Michelle Cocks, 2006
This study assessed the importance of biodiversity with respect to cultural and utilitarian value amongst different categories of non-traditional community households in both peri-urban and urban contexts of South Africa and evaluated factors contributing to the persistent use of biodiversity for cultural practices. It is shown that cultural practices of biodiversity are divers and often still poorly recorded. Even in urban areas and amongst richer people several forms of cultural use of biodiversity are maintained. The study gives credibility to the idea that the future of conservation movements depends on their ability to deal with the relation between history, culture and conservation in all its complexity.
This PhD thesis, defended at Wageningen University in the Netherlands , differs from most current research on the link between biological and cultural diversity, bio-cultural diversity for short, in that it focuses on an urban and peri-urban setting, rather than remote and isolated communities with production systems involving extraction of wild products from the natural environment. Rural conditions are rapidly changing in many tropical countries, and the livelihood strategies of communities are becoming increasingly diversified. As a result the worldviews, cultural values and knowledge of large sectors of the population can no longer be classified as ‘traditional’ nor as representative of western culture. Despite these changes, many of these communities are still reliant on wild resources both for utilitarian and cultural needs.
For further information, or for copies of the thesis, please contact:
Michelle Cocks, Research Officer, Institute for Social and Economic Research
P.O. Box 94 Rhodes University,Grahamstown 6140, South Africa .
Fax: 046 6223948
Email: m.cocks@ru.ac.za
DIVERSITY IN HOMEGARDEN AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS OF SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA
A. Tesfaye Abebe 2005
This PhD thesis discusses the diversity in crop and tree species in the homegardens of Sidama, southern Ethiopia , an area representative for the enset-coffee agroforestry homegardens. The study analyses the factors influencing the diversity of crops and trees at the farm level, to explain differences between farms. It concludes with the implications of changes in species diversity for agricultural sustainability.
Access to markets and major roads was found to have a significant impact on the crop diversity and structure of the homegardens. Farmers closer to markets tended to grow fewer crop species. While growing less coffee and enset, they cultivated more new marketable products, such as chat, maize, pineapples, and sweet potato. The latter crops, however, were mostly grown in monoculture plots. This altered the structure of the system: multi-storey cropping systems had gradually been changed into mosaics of monoculture plots of only one or two storeys. This development may negatively influence the stability and resilience of the farming system.
These changes in crop species had an impact on the diversity of tree species on farm. Coffee plots had the highest tree species diversity, followed by plots with enset. Plots with the ‘new’ crops had only a few associated trees, as farmers deliberately reduced or avoided shade trees on these fields.
The trend of replacing perennials (enset, coffee and trees) with annual crops may adversely affect the ecological benefits of these complex integrated agroforestry systems and threaten their sustainability. Therefore, the study emphasized the importance of developing techniques that integrate high value marketable crops into the farming systems, while conserving the integrity of these systems.
Tropical Resource Management Papers, No.59, ISBN 90-6754-901-0
To order a copy, please contact:
Barbara Kolijn, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Department of Environmental Sciences
Forest and Nature Conservation Policy Group
PO Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
Email: Barbara.Kolijn@wur.nl
POWERFUL RELATIONS: THE ROLE OF ACTOR-EMPOWERMENT IN THE MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCE CONFLICTS. A CASE OF FOREST CONFLICTS IN GHANA
Emmanuel Marfo, 2006
Increasingly, conflicts over natural resource (NR) use and management have attracted the attention of both scholars and professionals. While conflict has both constructive and destructive capabilities, the negative outcomes have been prominent in many cases, calling for innovations in conflict management. The question of ‘power’ is crucial in any such innovations in conflict management. However, current approaches to the study of conflict and power do not offer in-depth understanding of power and how it plays itself out in NR conflicts. The aim of this study was to contribute to current understanding of the role of power in conflict management interventions by investigating the strategies and resources that conflict actors used. Three forest conflict case studies in Ghana were analysed in detail: a forest-mining conflict at the national level; a forest-mining conflict at the local level; and a case of logging damage compensation at local level. The study established that actorempowerment is highly context bound and conflict interventions cannot benefit from any predictive patterns such as strategy reciprocity. The study further showed that interventions will benefit from understanding the factors that constrain the mobilisation of resources for mutual influence and that our understanding of the role of power in conflict can be enhanced using chronological reconstruction of conflicts and studying conflicts as a twoactor game model.
This PhD Thesis was conducted within the framework of the Tropenbos Ghana programme at Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands .
For more information, or copies of the thesis, please contact:
Dr Emmanuel Marfo, Forestry Research Institute of Ghana (FORIG)
University Box 63,Kumasi , Ghana
Email: emarfo@forig.org; eomarfo@hotmail.com
In the near future, PDF copies of the thesis may also be downloaded from the Tropenbos International website http://www.tropenbos.org
CROSS-SECTRAL POLICY IMPACTS BETWEEN FORESTRY AND OTHER SECTORS
Y.C. Dubé and F. Schmithüsen (editors) 2003
Public policy in many areas, such as agriculture, energy and economic development, has an impact on forests. Forestry must therefore engage with relevant sectors and policy domains to achieve its goals. In response to country requests, the Forestry Policy and Information Division of the FAO Forestry Department initiated a series of studies on available information and research needs, developed seven country case studies and organized a technical meeting in September 2002 in FAO, Rome , to discuss these inputs. The current paper builds on the findings and recommendations of this technical meeting and the previous studies.
Its objectives are:
The target audiences are policy analysts, policy-makers, forest managers, representatives from stakeholders and nongovernmental organizations, and researchers and teachers who need information on this subject and have to deal with cross-sectoral policy issues in their daily work. The public in general, concerned with the sustainable management of forests and their contribution to people’s wellbeing, is another important target group.
FAO Forestry Paper 142; ISBN: 92-5-104937-8; 160 pages; Price: $40
For more information, contact Sales and marketing Group FAO, Viale Delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy.
Fax: +39- 6-57053360
Email: publication-sales@fao.org
Website: http://www.fao.org
The paper may also be downloaded from the following page – to find it, please click ‘publications’ in the navigation bar http://www.fao.org/forestry/site/crosssectoral/en/